Sqlalchemy func lower. We may partition this row count Apr 27, 2018 · In others, you can create a functional index that enforces the case-insensitive unique constraint: Index('myIndex', func. I'm trying to query my PostgreSQL database using lists of strings. avg(Rating. alias("data_view") >>> print(select(data_view. The second is that it associates the given type (e. The first is that it renders the CAST expression within the resulting SQL string. Changing Compilation of Types. Similar topic: Case Insensitive Flask-SQLAlchemy Query. lower(User. A :class:`_types. ID, func. name)) With the index in place queries such as. FROM a SELECT statement that gets the rank at once using a window May 28, 2015 · 0. get_table_names(). The hybrid extension provides a special form of method decorator, is around 50 lines of code and has almost no dependencies on the rest of Aug 18, 2012 · . The SQLAlchemy dialects for these backends convert from SQLAlchemy’s lower-case-means-insensitive convention to the upper-case-means-insensitive conventions of those backends. postgresql. declarative Apr 4, 2022 · Hello, i am working with FastAPI, I need to accept lowercase or uppercase in the query parameters source. Again, best to tell the DB to calculate the timestamp itself: from sqlalchemy. : >>> from sqlalchemy import func, select, column >>> data_view = func. filter_by(name='wendy') wendy = my_filter(session. In 0. 0: The merge_result() function is considered legacy as of the 1. “hybrid” means the attribute has distinct behaviors defined at the class level and at the instance level. 最近では、PythonのWebアプリのバックエンドで使うことが多く、. To use them you will need to rewrite your query in such a way that either the left-hand-side or right-hand-side of the comparison operator is an interval. method sqlalchemy. SQL Expression Language Tutorial. of_type(class_) ¶. Generic functions are invoked like all SQL functions, using the func attribute: select([func. 模块，常用函数和类. column2). import sqlalchemy as sa. lower(my_field), unique=True) In SQLite it is achieved using: May 5, 2024 · In order to return these objects, the parameter sqlite_include_internal=True may be passed to methods such as MetaData. 712. before_create(target, connection, **kw) ¶. (SELECT table. 4, and integrates Core and ORM working styles more closely than ever. 今回は、SQLAlchemyの実際によく使う使い方をまとめてみました。. from sqlalchemy import create_engine, MetaData, Table, Column, Integer, String, select # Connect to the database. query(Subject). The new tutorial introduces both concepts in parallel. in_( [ sqlalchemy. The previous name remains available for backwards compatibility. Return JSON response from Flask view. A common function used with window functions is the row_number() function which simply counts rows. TypeEngine` object which refers to the SQL return type represented by this SQL function. You can vote up the ones you like or vote down the ones you don't like, and go to the original project or source file by following the links above each example. 1. I want return all the rows whose column entry matches that string and I'd like it to be case insensitive so it finds more things. first() Aug 28, 2015 · I current use SQLAlchemy and rely heavily on func from from sqlalchemy import func Unfortunately, I am only aware of http://docs. now()) Aug 22, 2011 · I could do this in SQL via: SELECT SUM(field1) as SumFld, AVG(field2) as AvgFld. current_time = datetime. Feb 11, 2019 · I'd like to get the difference between two dates working on SQLAlchemy. max(users. from sqlalchemy. func = <sqlalchemy. Return a Query that will expire and refresh all instances as they are loaded, or reused from the current Session. result = MyModel. FROM Rating WHERE url=[url_string] My attempt to translate this into SQLAlchemy is as follows: totals = Rating. fruits = ['apple', 'orange', 'pear', 'grape', 'watermelon', 'asian pear'] In this case, 'asian pear' can be capitalized in the database. ColumnElement, and it has label() – Dec 17, 2021 · 2. lower(mytable. The newest versions of the documentation will listen() also accepts the propagate=True modifier for this event; when True, the listener function will be established for any copies made of the target object, i. Migrated issue, originally created by Anonymous SQLite with default=func. Note: extract() is imported from sqlalchemy. It works just fine. in_(map(str. lower function. lower(sqlalchemy. populate_existing() method is equivalent to using the populate_existing execution option at the ORM level. orm import declarative_base, Session Base = declarative_base Jan 25, 2014 · Using standard SQL, we can use a correlated subquery like this: UPDATE user SET rank= (SELECT count (*) FROM user AS u1 WHERE u1. In this tutorial, we’ll explore how to apply aggregation functions such as Min, Max, Average, and Sum in SQLAlchemy, using various examples to illustrate the process. between` clause against the parent object, given the lower and upper range. impl = types. in_( [ i. @staticmethod. concat(). Note. For a quick glance: ORM Quick Start - a glimpse at what working with the ORM looks like May 5, 2024 · Users coming from older versions of SQLAlchemy, especially those transitioning from the 1. substr(value,case([(func. filter(func. Mar 4, 2024 · Hybrid Attributes. This is the SQL I want to generate: CREATE UNIQUE INDEX users_lower_email_key ON users (LOWER(email)); From the SQLAlchemy Index documentation I would expect this to work: Index('users_lower_email_key', func. func: Declare a math operator with only lower limit Jul 10, 2015 · return a. __clause_element__()) == func. now()) time_updated = Column(DateTime(timezone=True), onupdate=func. Dialect-specific compilation rules. ext. カラム名と値のペアを指定して、特定のカラムに基づいてデータをフィルタリングできます Generic func tions are invoked like all SQL func tions, using the func attribute: select([func. collate` clause against the parent object, given the I'd like to run a query that selects all posts, case insensitive, that have titles that match '%' + [some_phrase] + '%'. Mar 14, 2023 · A lower number will cause the expression to be parenthesized when applied against another operator with higher precedence. result = conn. netloc) But this is erroring out with: TypeError: 'BaseQuery' object is not callable. You can use an event listener to register custom functions with sqlite on connection. def requirement_list_common_query(user=None): `enter code here` phone_mask = case(. all() The query above will return counts for all possible combinations of values from both columns. Another idea - augment sqlalchemy. with_entities(. functions. 0 according to the official documentation. lower()) may perform better, if LOWER(name) has high cardinality. 4 to 2. count( 1 Mar 4, 2024 · class sqlalchemy. func, or try the search function . with_variant(type_, dialect_name) ¶. asc` clause against the parent object. lower(Detail. Return a new Variant which adds the given type + dialect name to the mapping, in addition to the mapping present in this Variant. python. Overriding Type Compilation¶. query(func. x, the generated SQL is "ORDER Mar 30, 2021 · Augmenting Existing Types ¶. x API) Jan 29, 2014 · Migrated issue, originally created by Anonymous I have a query that does sqlalchemy. For an overview of the SQLAlchemy typing system, see Column and Data Types. ilike(b, escape=escape) it seems to be calling ilike method again and i lose the track of the calls here at some point it enters in the operate method and calls _boolean_compare found in default_comparator. scalar(select(func. max(self. lower()。 then it generates something like: SELECT count(*) AS count_1 FROM. I used the get API to take in the variable that the user wishes to search for and I'm converting that variable to store it in another variable called look_for(since var cannot be used directly in the query) by using the format() and log1 stores the queried tuples. 2. max. compress(value) if you want it readable in python before the flush, you'd need to memoize it locally and use a descriptor to access it. over() which grants the window function, or “OVER”, syntax; the construct produced is the Over construct. expression. min. In SQLAlchemy as well as in DDL, foreign key constraints can be defined as additional attributes within the table clause, or for single-column foreign keys they may optionally be specified within the definition of a single column. lower(). reflect() or Inspector. Mar 3, 2014 · 2. Dec 27, 2012 · return func. to_metadata() is used. To set up our environment, we first need to define our model and create a session: Oct 13, 2023 · Python sqlalchemy func. sum(MyModel. query(Detail). Note: x = Record. For instance SQLite has a 'NOCASE' collation: A wrapping type that selects among a variety of implementations based on dialect in use. those copies that are generated when Table. 3 or 1. This is useful for standardizing and comparing strings without considering case differences. score > user. 0. sql like this for arbitrary database functions (I think ifnull is db dependent, I use coalesce for postgresql): from sqlalchemy. Some databases have extensions like PG's UPDATE. '''. Text, and use that for your ID. capital) == capital. func. You may also want to check out all available functions/classes of the module sqlalchemy. orm. from apps. FROM, which I have less experience with, perhaps if you could UPDATE. l Oct 30, 2018 · Create a functional index that indexes the expression LOWER(name): Index('idx_user_name_lower', func. Common subclasses of TypeEngine include String, Integer, and Boolean. These constructs are modeled to resemble those of the underlying database as closely as possible, while providing a modicum of abstraction of SQLAlchemy also supports onupdate so that anytime the row is updated it inserts a new timestamp. column1, Table. For example, if the original string is “Hello World,” applying `lower ()` would result in “hello world. for the function add_apples (): select add_apples(); Execute this statement, which should be a string. When applied to a string, it converts all the characters in the string to lowercase. Using Postgresql I have the following working: SELECT EXTRACT(EPOCH FROM ('2019-02-11 17:59:05. lower(self. class sqlalchemy. GenericFunction (* args, ** kwargs) ¶ Define a ‘generic’ function. Method: collate: Produce a :func:`_expression. I looked around to see any possible solutions and this is what I've tried: Jul 10, 2012 · from sqlalchemy. count () 用在 (125 )个项目中. Feb 10, 2017 · I need to define a lowercase index on a Flask-SQLAlchemy object. You can use them i. Here's a simple example: from flask import Flask. Source(list_sources) will be a list. lower(other) This way, your ID can be stored in any case, but will compare as lowercase. SQLAlchemy automatically adapts Python timedelta instances to correct interval queries. Mar 14, 2023 · Produce a :func:`_expression. mapping ¶ – dictionary of string dialect names to TypeEngine instances. Cross Compiling between SQL and DDL compilers. 1. upper(i) for i in inputs ] ) Just want to add that if you want to optimize these selects for speed, and are on Postgres or Oracle, you can create a 'function index'. lower(column) It returns the lower case of given string. That is, select all rows that have titles that contain some phrase, case The SQLAlchemy Reference Documentation is by far the most important place for both the newest user and the veteran alchemist. It’s commonly available in SQL-based databases like MS SQL Server and sometimes in a slightly different form in others such as PostgreSQL and MySQL. Method: between: Produce a :func:`_expression. group_by(Table. 0? - New 2. SQLAlchemy. col2 as col2, from table) which is significantly slower in MySQL with InnoDB. The following are 8 code examples of sqlalchemy. query(User)). group_by(sqlalchemy. lower(Record. I've tried: SQLAlchemy 1. month(Foo. count() always returns 0. The code executes the query, retrieves the results, and prints each student’s name in lowercase. It provides a way to interact with relational databases wing python code, allowing developers to write SQL Queries in a more object-oriented manner. どうやって実装した Sep 8, 2013 · 8. flask-sqlalchemy. I want to make a case-insensitive unique constraint in SQLAlchemy, which would work with both Postgres and SQLite. session. 0 - Complete background on migrating from 1. To help you get started, we’ve selected a few SQLAlchemy examples, based on popular ways it is used in public projects. some_value = "hello". [. Migrating to SQLAlchemy 2. x migration Jan 4, 2024 · The first step in using regular expressions with SQLAlchemy is to understand the basic usage of the regexp_match function, when your database dialect supports it, or op method for a custom operator. Feb 7, 2014 · Translation -- values are automatically escaped. lower(username)). The ultimate base class for all SQL datatypes. g. The breadth of SQLAlchemy’s SQL rendering engine, DBAPI integration, transaction integration, and schema description services are documented here. May 5, 2024 · sqlalchemy. sql Aug 2, 2007 · sqlalchemy-bot commented on Aug 2, 2007. PropComparator. Jan 4, 2024 · Column aliases are an SQL feature that allows columns to be referenced by an alternative name. time < current_time - datetime. column))) and the core version: with engine. . from_self method is deprecated since SQLAlchemy 1. models import MyModel. Example: session. id))) In both cases the use of scalar gives us the result as an integer The CURRENT_TIMESTAMP () SQL function. with Session() as s: result = session. 0-style syntax, the ORM code would be. sql. Date)) Now I haven't tested it, but I assume that this might be slow because these queries result in full table scans, therefore I suggest you invest some time and learn how to use composite columns. Flask SQLAlchemy query, specify column names. Oct 13, 2023 · Python sqlalchemy func. 9. query(User). sql import func. This code selects the name column from the studentTable and converts the names to lowercase using the func. 4 and will be removed in 2. A value of 100 will be higher or equal to all operators, and -100 will be lower than or equal to all operators. Query. You can also count on multiple groups and their intersection: self. Try a library like: un33k/python-slugify (github). Apr 24, 2017 · Here is code: from sqlalchemy import Table, Column, Index, String, MetaData, func, create_engine md = MetaData() tbl = Table('t1', md, Column('col1', String())) idx May 5, 2024 · Deprecated since version 2. . from sqlalchemy import create_engine, Column, Integer, Date, select from sqlalchemy. HasCacheKey` instance should make use of the cache key generation scheme used by its immediate superclass. The problem I have is I need a models username and email fields to be stored lowercase so that I can check them with User. count(Table. I am looking for a solution that doesn't require the table to have a known primary key, as suggested in Get the number of rows in table using SQLAlchemy. metadata = MetaData() In SQLAlchemy, all SQL functions generated by the func namespace include a method FunctionElement. SQL Expression Language Tutorial (1. filter( func. Function`. row. In SQLAlchemy, generic functions like SUM, MIN, MAX, are invoked like conventional SQL functions using the func attribute. lower taken from open source projects. types. STA_DATE)) (just like you use aggregate functions in plain SQL) Feb 19, 2024 · Basic Example. May 5, 2024 · Synopsis. Except for a little problem: all text data comes in some encoding that it's not utf-8 (at least I think it's not). lower(users. Aug 1, 2015 · You should be able to use func from sqlalchemy. Help please ! async def get_articles_by_source(self, l Mar 4, 2024 · SQLAlchemy Core. The following are 30 code examples of sqlalchemy. Sep 17, 2019 · Finally, I found two ways to implement "Case when" within sqlalchemy. func is a special object instance which generates SQL functions based on name-based attributes, e. The first way: By the way, my occasion is I need to mask the phone field depending on if the user has logged in. 3 Documentation. 函数和类. x style of working, will want to review this documentation. func 模块中定义的常用函数和类，我们从 202 个开源Python项目中，按照使用频率进行了排序。. In contrast to the ORM’s domain-centric mode of usage, the SQL Expression Language provides a schema-centric usage paradigm. timedelta(weeks=10)) However, the potential. 4, the Query. column1),Table. 下面列出了Python sqlalchemy. sql. flush() assert testing. BoundMetaData (db) #met Dec 30, 2014 · You can move the filter (s) to a function easily: def my_filter(query): return query. in the query () method. create_engine ("sqlite://") metadata = sqa. query. May 5, 2024 · Custom Types¶. The SQLAlchemy Expression Language presents a system of representing relational database structures and expressions using Python constructs. fccoelho. A frequent need is to force the “string” version of a type, that is the one rendered in a CREATE TABLE statement or other SQL function like CAST, to be changed. app = Flask(__name__) Sep 10, 2015 · Yes, it's what i mean - more control over name. name) == 'SOME_name'. 0 is functionally available as part of SQLAlchemy 1. Dec 5, 2012 · Can I use a CASE statement within substr and filter? Here is my requirement: >> value = '00021050430' #here value is a database column >> query. The function as well as the method on Query is superseded by the merge_frozen_result() function. mystuff. The Reference Documentation represents an ongoing effort that rivals that of the SQLAlchemy project itself, and is constantly evolving to be ever more complete and navigable. Enabling Caching Support for Custom Constructs. '''Converts strings to lower case on the way in. TypeEngine ¶. TypeEngine class or instance) with the column expression on the Python side, which means the expression will take on the expression operator behavior associated with that type, as well as the bound Mar 4, 2024 · base ¶ – the base ‘fallback’ type. select_from(sometable) Note that any name not known to func generates the func tion name as is - there is no restriction on what SQL func tions can be called, known or unknown to SQLAlchemy, built-in or user defined. DDLEvents. We may partition this row count Jan 3, 2024 · In SQLAlchemy, this is achieved using various functions and methods such as func. The hybrid extension provides a special form of method decorator, is around 50 lines of code and has almost no dependencies on the rest of For completeness sake, here is how you'd generate that exact SQL with using sqlalchemy. name)). score) + 1. sqlalchemy. Mar 4, 2024 · SQLAlchemy 2. Thefunc keyword in SQLAlchemy API is used to generate these functions. ”. lower() If countries is a table (not model) you should use countries. May 5, 2024 · For a full table-valued expression, use the FunctionElement. Subclassing Guidelines. begin() sql = list() # Allows multiple queries. Revealed type is "builtins. now()])) print (result. How to execute raw SQL in Flask-SQLAlchemy app. : >>> May 5, 2024 · In SQLAlchemy, all SQL functions generated by the func namespace include a method FunctionElement. Here’s a basic SQLA query: from sqlalchemy import select, MetaData, Table, Column, Integer, String, func. orm import validates class MyClass(Base): # data = Column(BLOB) @validates("data") def _set_data(self, key, value): return func. 我们从Python开源项目中，提取了以下49个代码示例，用于说明如何使用sqlalchemy. For users of SQLAlchemy within the 1. ¶. all() runs without issues. filter((func. stats. if you want to do a list of strings , something like this should work. lower(countries. In SQL, now () is a generic function. The following functions are available with from sqlalchemy import func: func. append('select add_apples();') Nov 15, 2015 · I'm new to flask and web apps but my understanding that using an ORM means that I should be able to swap out databases relatively easily and that all existing code should run without issue. The default value of ``0`` is lower than all operators except for the comma (``,``) and ``AS`` operators. 209. x series, in the 2. A generic function is a pre-established Function class that is instantiated automatically when called by name from the func attribute. Date), sqlalchemy. list[sqlalchemy. （使っているDBはpostgreqlです。. Example code: transaction = connection. Secure your code as it's written. It is used when additional in-Python marshalling of data to and/or from the database is required. Let’s start with a basic filtering example where case sensitivity is the default behavior. lower(username) == func. A variety of methods exist to redefine the behavior of existing types as well as to provide new ones. Aug 19, 2014 · If it's just about the case insensitive 'in_' statement: from sqlalchemy import func q = session. avg. By voting up you can indicate which examples are most useful and appropriate. E. upper() for i in inputs ] ) . column)) SELECT data_view FROM unnest(:unnest_1) AS data_view. c. field2)). Compiling sub-elements of a custom expression construct. order_by(func. Following statements renders the now () function using func −. Sep 24, 2019 · I'm developing a web application using Flask and a Postgresql database (using SQLAlchemy). create(engine) the table is created but this index is not. 式や比較演算子、その他のSQLAlchemyオブジェクトを使って、複雑なフィルタ条件を構築できます。. 0: Added the sqlite_include_internal=True parameter. My theory is that I am not using the filter statement correctly because when I try to use a column that is not of type Column(DateTime()) but instead. query(self. 680. We want to add a 10% bonus to each employee’s salary in our query. e. Jun 26, 2017 · You wouldn't be using lower and replace to slugify. sum () 用在 (58 )个项目中. from sqlalchemy import create_engine, Column, Integer, String, Float, select from sqlalchemy. Basic Filtering with SQLAlchemy. name syntax. e. The quote=True flag here will prevent this conversion from occurring to support an identifier that’s quoted as all lower case against such a backend. session. def process_bind_param(self, value, dialect): All groups and messages sqlalchemy. datetime. Using SQLAlchemy 2. myColumn), unique=True) You can also specify a case-insensitive collation for the column if the database supports it. # assuming you have imported table from somewhere!! s = select([func. 对于特定于数据库的呈现、返回类型和参数行为，SQLAlchemy已知的SQL函数。. execute(select([func. Changed in version 1. FunctionElement is descendant of sqlalchemy. table_valued() method first to establish named columns. methodsqlalchemy. The hybrid extension provides a special form of method decorator, is around 50 lines of code and has almost no dependencies on the rest of Python sqlalchemy. events. coalesce(a, b)). MyColumn). org/en/rel_1_0/core python postgresql. connect() as conn: result = conn. utcnow() potential = session. int1, 0), func. 953894'::timestamp - '201 Feb 21, 2022 · SQLAlchemy Core is a low-level SQL abstraction layer of SQLAlchemy, a popular Python Object Oriented Mapping(ORM) library. The TypeDecorator allows the creation of custom types which add bind-parameter and result-processing behavior to an existing type object. from sqlalchemy import func, select. This can be particularly useful when working with expressions or dealing with table joins that could result in column name clashes. sql import select, func. email), unique=True) But after I call metadata. unnest([1, 2, 3]). max(Table. func 模块， lower() 实例源码. Corrected. py with an ilike operator as argument, i printed the argument from my console op argument = <function ilike_op at 0x000001E35DEFA050> filter: より汎用的な関数です。. now () Column definition fails on insert Testcase: import sqlalchemy as sqa import datetime db = sqa. fetchone()) Sample result of above code may be as shown below −. 使用项目数. The SQLAlchemy Unified Tutorial is integrated between the Core and ORM components of SQLAlchemy and serves as a unified introduction to SQLAlchemy as a whole. engine. IT was typo and mistake of . func. Changing the default compilation of existing constructs. Row[tuple[Union[builtins. url==url_string. Documentation is available here. What’s New in SQLAlchemy 2. filter(Subject. The single column foreign key is more common, and at the column level is specified by constructing a ForeignKey Sep 22, 2021 · SQL和通用函数. The cast() function performs two distinct functions when used. MyValue=some_value. one() However, if by " function that checks an object for some properties and returns boolean values depending on the result" you mean a function that accepts a database record as an argument, I don Aug 28, 2023 · 1. sql import func time_created = Column(DateTime(timezone=True), server_default=func. lower, names)) ) Produce a nulls_last () clause against the parent object. filter(Rating. answered Mar 11, 2011 at 17:10. Assume we have a table employees with columns id, name, and salary. string1, '')]) Jan 3, 2024 · The DATEADD function is used to add a specified time interval to a date or datetime expression. str, None]]]]" Is there a cheap way to assert or cast this value to not be optional? The only approaches I can think of involve processing the entire list. In Postgres it is achieved: SQL: CREATE UNIQUE INDEX my_index ON my_table (lower(my_field)); SQLAlchemy: Index('my_index', func. _FunctionGenerator object> ¶ Generate SQL function expressions. Indicate if this :class:`. sess. Jan 22, 2019 · I figured out how to do it based on this post: Case insensitive with a equal operator , the main difference is that I need to check if a value of a column contains a string and on the other post is a equal relation (==). 0 features and behaviors beyond the 1. Let’s start with a basic example. Jan 5, 2024 · The `lower ()` method is a string method in Python. Jun 27, 2021 · 1. 与所有SQL函数一样，使用 func 属性：. Use Snyk Code to scan source code in minutes - no build needed - and fix issues immediately. Mar 11, 2014 · 4. populate_existing() ¶. You should use filter instead of filter_by: func. In order to get the desired result, you can write something like: UPDATE: Keep in mind that Query. Call the function as you normally would in the database GUI. ifnull(table. 0 style of working, the ORM uses Core-style querying with the select() construct, and transactional semantics Jan 3, 2024 · Introduction. name) == name. Here are the examples of the python api sqlalchemy. Text. Variant. x series of SQLAlchemy and becomes a legacy construct in 2. Method: bool _op: Return a custom boolean operator. SQLAlchemy offers a robust toolkit for working with aggregates in databases. Construct a :class:`. scalar(select([func. New in version 2. count()]). select_from(sometable) Note that any name not known to func generates the function name as is - there is no restriction on what SQL functions can be called, known or unknown to SQLAlchemy, built-in or user defined. year(Foo. col1 as col1, table. As of SQLAlchemy 1. filter_by: より簡潔な関数です。. Parameters: Oct 2, 2023 · In this article, we discussed how to extract the column values containing substring in SQLAlchemy against a PostgreSQL database in python. In case there's someone using it, you can check the migration guide for this case May 5, 2024 · About this document. 4: The nulls_last () operator is renamed from nullslast () in previous releases. lower(), func. Some common functions used in SQLAlchemy are contains, count, cube, current_date, curren Jul 20, 2010 · 16. Previously, these tables were not ignored by SQLAlchemy reflection methods. from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy. Hybrid Attributes. db. 13 (released 3 August 2017), the syntax for using sum() is this: from sqlalchemy import func. My mistake was that i haven't seen that sqlalchemy. Define attributes on ORM-mapped classes that have “hybrid” behavior. filter_by(. sellers). add_all([u1, a1]) sess. That way it becomes comparable with timedeltas. route on top is a decorator). In SQLAlchemy 1. そのRDBのDriverとして、 SQLAlchemy を採用することが多いです。. label("mySum") ). Note that calling any name from func has the effect that a new Function instance is created automatically Create a connection. 注意任何不知道的名字 func 按原样生成函数名-对于可以调用的、SQLAlchemy已知的或未知的、内置的或用户定义的SQL函数没有限制 Feb 7, 2011 · I've used SQLAlchemy and Flask (app. gg hj ck vd zi le dy ui mj nq