Radxa zero 3w download

Radxa zero 3w download. Click Fetch to receive the setting files. See Radxa Zero GPIO pintout for more detail on pin definition. If you wish to install extra tools please refer to our metapackages page. sudo apt-get install libmraa2 libmraa-dev libmraa-java python3-mraa mraa-tools. By default, the Kali Linux Radxa Zero image contains the kali-linux-default metapackage similar to most other platforms. Radxa Zero Debian is an easy to use desktop system. However, it is disabled, nor does it appear in rsetup. docs. SPECIFICATIONS. It means you can use 5GHz but you can also use 2. No boot without USB<->UART converter connected. Boot the system After successfully burning the microSD card according to the above steps, insert the microSD card into the MicroSD Card Slot. img. I’m pretty new to audio stuff May 31, 2024 · hukka May 31, 2024, 10:27am #2. Additionally, the power by Radxa. 883703] mpp-iep2 fdef0000. Radxa ZERO 3W/3E 专为包括制造商、物联网开发人员、业余爱好者和 PC DIY 爱好者在内的多元化用户群量身定制，是一个超小尺寸的多功能的平台，可以 Nov 3, 2021 · Guys, do you have any guide to create wifi access point on radxa zero ? Does wifi chipset supporting the ac and client mode simultaneously? Thanks. Hardware Design Feb 9, 2024 · OTG cable got me connected with ssh. 1x USB Cable with one end USB C and one end USB A. /flash-all. com/rock/source 产品介绍. Mar 24, 2024 · For your information, in addition to the unofficial Dietpi imager I’ve created under this thread based on B6 release by Radxa, I’ve also created an image with Armbian image. Powerful computers seem to be getting smaller and smaller these days. Just received my Zero 3W, however there is no video out from the HDMI port. Build custom LineageOS image. Or you can build your own. However I’m having trouble with the microphone. Radxa ZERO 3W. Using a different hub worked, so not sure why it’s so fussy. 2. Download img from Radxa and extract. After power is applied, the process stops with the following messages (in UART Console): Starting kernel … [ 11. 9 GByte) from our Sync site. Insert the SD card in your Rock 5 and enjoy. sudo dpkg -i linux-image-5. To associate your repository with the radxa-zero-3w topic, visit your repo's landing page and select "manage topics. March 1, 2024. 11: https://lore. sh · radxa-zero · Kali Linux / Build-Scripts / kali-arm Copy the above two deb packages to the board and install them with the dpkg command to complete the kernel installation. More than 100 million people use GitHub to discover, fork, and contribute to over 420 million projects. USB to TTL serial cable This is needed if you intend to use serial console. Use the following commands: May 6, 2024 · Only suspicious thing that I see is clock speed of the bus from dmesg logs. Alternatively you can connect to a USB sound card. The max power consumption of Radxa Zero Radxa Zero 2 Pro is a low profile single board computer with a small form factor. the computer and Radxa ZERO 3W need to be on the same LAN. Then click Upload to send the settings to the camera/NVR/Radxa Zero 3w. Debian CLI: This flavor is officially supported. Jan 18, 2011 · The ZERO 2 PRO power supply supports 5V, recommended to use a power adapter with a rated maximum current greater than 2A. RADXA Zero 3W is an Rockchip RK3566 64bit quad core based Mini SBC in the same form factor as the Raspberry Pi Zero, but with much, much more power. Here the additional hardware components: Camera: Raspberry Pi Camera V2 via CSI interface Microphone: INMP441 MEMS via GPIO pins The camera works fine after following the official guide and enabling the overlay. Old USB 2. Install Android to eMMC. Jul 12, 2021 · I tried the image here. sh Retrieved from "https: Jan 28, 2024 · The Zero 3W supports NPU. sudo reboot. Install OS. Flash the image on the SD card with the Imager or balenaEtcher. It is very easy to build your own U-Boot and Kernel using bsp. Function2. I am running the Zero 3W with the Debian Bullseye image. tip. Apr 4, 2024 · A Radxa Zero 2 Pro with 4GB of LPDDR4 memory and 16GB of eMMC 5. Below we will show you how to build, pack, and install Radxa Zero kernel with a Ubuntu 20. Function5. 10. /test-launch "( v4l2src device=/dev/video0 io-mode=dmabuf ! video/x-raw,format=NV12,width=1920,height=1080,framerate=30/1 AP mode(RR acts as wireless router) Below is how to manually configure wifi as AP mode on RR. Radxa Zero 2 Pro features a hexa-core 64-bit ARM processor, 4GB 32bit LPDDR4 memory, HDMI output up to 4K60p, onboard Wi-Fi and BT connectivity, USB 3. USB Audio. 160-20_arm64. , Ltd. The green LED is blinking which would tell me that the OS is loading. Then click Save. Seems to run well, but still cannot get video out to work. WiFi Information (AP + STA simultanously) Using ROCK Pi 4. Once we deem rbuild is production-ready we will cease to produce debos-radxa images to avoid confusion. Theoretically prices are supposed to start at $55 for model with 4GB Apr 24, 2024 · I currently have my Zero 3W setup on the latest official Debian desktop image for my Zero 3W. March 28, 2024. Dec 9, 2023 · Hi all. Apr 13, 2024 · For my use case I need the radxa zero 3w to create a hotspot using hostapd. For more detailed guide on wiping eMMC (or if this fails), please refer to Boot Troubleshooting page. kernel. 4 GHz networks too. USB OTG (Power Interface) The ZERO is powered by a Type-C connector with an input voltage of 5V, recommended to use a power adapter with a rated maximum current greater than 2A. In terms of raw processing power, the Radxa Zero 3W outclasses the Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W with a far more capable system-on-chip (SoC). 1GB version is not supported. iep Jun 16, 2021 · Dear community We are happy to announce the Radxa Zero, a new member of our SBC family. Type sudo fdisk /dev/mmcblk0 then delete any partitions that may be present. Make WinToGo usb flash drive by WinToGo tool (This step costs few hours if you use low performance usb flash drive) image. 2 Introduction. 0 OTG Type C port, using a Type C cable to connect the power port to the adapter. You may go radxa wiki to see how to connect the board. I think you may try using the serial debug port with putty to config the board for the first time. Also, radxa zero 2 had different versions, cheap one comes with wifi 4 and the better one comes with wifi 5. Reload to refresh your session. Kali Linux ARM build-script for Radxa Zero (64 bit) radxa-zero-emmc. upcoming project for the Zero 3W. I followed the guide successfully on ROCK 3A Camera streaming with RTSP, and I can have a running RTSP server with: sudo . 2″) and features a Rockchip RK3566 quad-core ARM Cortex-A55 processor with Mali-G52-2EE graphics and an Build, pack and install Radxa Zero Kernel. Join us as we embrace the future of micro computing! Download. Boot Radxa Zero 3W from SD card. It supports the following power input: USB PD or QC power adapter which support 5V, 1A or higher output. You may have to run the sudo boot-g12. Beware that this is not a secure erase, and only the bootloader and the partition header are wiped. Once you are booted in your U-Boot console you can use mmc erase to wipe eMMC. First I couldn’t get the keyboard/mouse to work - the USB hub worked fine plugged into my laptop, but not on the Zero, whether power went to the Zero or first to the hub. Everything you do in /home/rock/eMMC will be on eMMC (device) If you are using Desktop I think by the time you format the eMMC it will be mounted automatically. Introduce the Radxa Zero Radxa Zero. Radxa Zero has a 40-pin color coded expansion header. Once you have git installed, you can download the source code: git clone -b radxa-zero-v2021. Very good news as I’m hoping for a computer-in-a-keyboard based on the Zero 3W. 4, the ZERO 3W delivers exceptional wireless performance, providing users with superior connectivity and transmission capabilities. 412684] fiq_debugger_probe: could not install nmi irq handler [ 12. RK3326 was the close one but it doesn’t support HDMI. Let’s collect all the news bits here! Radxa Zero 3E/W devicetree planned to be merged in Linux kernel version 6. This one fits reasonably well and has a little pop-out window for the GPIO headers, but the slot for the microSD card is located a little to high to accomodate the protruding microSD on the Radxa Zero (since it’s on the ‘bottom’ of the board and not the ‘top’), so you’ll either have to file it down a little or use the Radxa Oct 30, 2023 · Chinese company Radxa has recently announced the Zero 3W SBC, a Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W competitor equipped with more RAM and a more powerful chip while maintaining the same US$15 starting price. The Zero 3W's Arm Mali‑G52‑2EE GPU (graphics processing Jan 28, 2024 · Radxa Zero 3W (also sold as the Rock Zero 3W) single board computer specifications and Debian Xfce demo. Hardware: x86_64 PC recommended Dec 7, 2023 · About the ZERO 3W category - ZERO 3W - Radxa Forum. Radxa Zero features a quad core 64-bit ARM processor, up to 4GB 32bit LPDDR4 memory, HDMI output at 4K@60, WiFi and Bluetooth connectivity, USB 3. I have a new 3D printable case design for the Zero 3W (and maybe Zero 1 & 2?) and am trying to test the cooling capabilities of the incorporated fan and heatsinks. Dec 8, 2023 · The Radxa Zero 3W is a single-board computer that measures just 65 x 30mm (2. It has quad-core power with up to 8GB LPDDR4 RAM that has similar dimensions to a USB stick. using python3, just trying to learn how to drive a gpio pin high and/or low. 11. In general, if you just want to boot from sdcard or Emmc, no need flash SPINOR. There are multiple eMMC versions available, we recommend at least 32GB. Full instructions are available on the Radxa wiki, but here are some quick notes. Install Linux to eMMC. The second hub is USB-A, so I’ve also got A->C dongle, C-joiner dongle, C->C cable, then into the Zero, which is a mess but it works Quad core with up to 4Gb DDR4 RAM and up to 32 Gb eMMC on board . The Radxa Zero 3W ofers makers, IoT enthusiasts, hobbyists, PC DIY enthusiasts and others a reliable and extremely capable platform for building and Equipment Description: Radxa ZERO 3W TCB Grant Type: A4: UNII devices & low power transmitters using spread spectrum techniques Manufacturer: Radxa Computer (Shenzhen) Co. CPU: Rockchip RK3566 64bit quad core processor, Quad‑core Arm® Cortex®‑A55 (ARMv8 debos-radxa images contain the build time in the file name, while rbuild images have a fixed file name across releases. No. Option 1: USB access (adb) By default, the Radxa Zero Linux image enables adbd services, which is a debug bridge from Android now ported on Linux. 5mm headphone jack for audio output. To get audio output from Radxa Zero, the easiest way is to connect to a HDMI soundbar*. Dec 30, 2023 · Processing Power and RAM. png 1440×597 63. This guidance will appear in the category selection area, so try to keep it below 200 characters. In addition to Radxa's backing, we actively collaborate with third-party OS organizations, providing you with an extensive selection of options. Jan 12, 2024 · what’s your 3W wifi module’s model, is it AP6212 or AICxxxx, there are two hw version of zero 3 now, you can use new version b6 to do a test, which supports both AICxxx and AP6212. Flash img Run Radxa-Zero and launch Android OS Run flash command. Flash image to eMMC using dd command: $ sudo dd if=<image> of=/dev/mmcblk0. RK3566. Comm Headquarters. jeneralab. info February 26, 2024, 7:35pm #1. Nov 15, 2023 · Der Radxa Zero 3E ist ein neuer und kompakter Einplatinenrechner. RPI Zero 2W is the second generation Zero board released by the RPI foundation. You switched accounts on another tab or window. What is this? This repo is the central location for Radxa-built system images for Radxa ZERO 3W. Power. Requirement. image. Zero 3W doesn't boot and no data in debug mode. * *Release strategy restructuring: Starting with this release and moving forward, we are adjusting our release plans to ensure a more focused and streamlined approach: • Initial release on Raspberry Pi platform. :::. RZ USB helper is a tool by Radxa for Windows users to manage Radxa Zero booting easier. test. 4 v1. When you could connect through ssh, you should be able to config the wifi through dietpi-config as usual🙂. Below is an example of how to build a U-Boot with bsp, using the Radxa ZERO 3 as an example. Jan 12, 2024 · However, I have found a workaround that allows me to flash the eMMC via an alternative route with reasonable effort: Flash linux image onto SD card. (Replace this first paragraph with a brief description of your new category. png 1165×564 36. Step 2: Use RZ USB helper to erase eMMC and boot to USB disk mode. org Introduction to Radxa Zero Debian. Prepare the emmc for flashing with fdisk. See more data about Radxa ZERO 3W (FCC ID 2BC6T-ZERO3W) Find more Radxa Computer (Shenzhen) Co. 5V DC power from the GPIO PIN 2 & 4. Mar 5, 2024 · rock@rzero-3w:~/eMMC$ cat test. 412587] fiq_debugger fiq_debugger. 1. 1x 5V Power Supply. Power adapter with fixed 5V DC voltage. com Resource Download Summary | Radxa Docs. It can run Android and selected Linux distributions. Dec 6, 2023 · Equipped with both high-speed WiFi 6 and Bluetooth 5. Close look of Radxa Zero. They have similar file name format as rbuild is intended to replace debos-radxa. It has a 64 bit Quad-core CPU with four A53 cores clocked at 1 GHz and a 512 Mb LPDDR2 Ram clocked at 450 MHz Without MIPI CSI interface you can only use USB camera on Radxa Zero. sudo mraa-gpio list returns “No Pins”. 3. Software S905Y2 is the 12th generation architecture from Amlogic, code name g12a (g12b is S922x). It turned us on. 0 port so it can provide up to 900mA power. For more information about Radxa ZERO 3W, please visit Radxa ZERO 3W. 160-999-undefined_5. Steps Start Radxa ZERO 3W and connect to the network using wifi. Press the , and then connect the ZERO 3W's OTG Type C port to the PC's USB port, then release the Maskrom Key. 412650] fiq_debugger fiq_debugger. Give your single-board computer lightweight justice Radxa Zero features a quad core 64-bit ARM processor, 32bit LPDDR4, up to 4K@60 HDMI, 802. Radxa Zero features a quad core 64-bit ARM processor, up to 4GB 32bit LPDDR4 memory, HDMI output at 4K@60, WiFi and BT connectivity, USB 3. 8GHz, with 512MB, 1GB, 2GB, or 4GB of LPDDR4 RAM. a Radxa ZERO 3W with an Android image greater than or equal to 11. Function3. Radxa Zero Debian uses systemd to manage system. 11ac WiFi Oct 30, 2021 · can’t wait to be doing some hackbuilds with some usb cards, battery, and the RxZero together in a 3d pritned case for a road warrior mobile-ops scenario. Oct 30, 2023 · Its new Zero 3 W, starting from $15, features a Rockchip RK3566 SoC and provides up to 8GB of RAM, making it an attractive alternative to the Zero 2 W. Pin#. Install fswebcam: root@zero:~# apt-get install -y fswebcam. Installing an operating system on your Zero. Published Feb 12, 2023. Erase eMMC. 1) bus speed is 150MHz: mmc_host mmc2: Bus speed (slot 0) = 150000000Hz (slot req 150000000Hz, actual 150000000Hz div = 0) and with radxa kernel (5. Feb 26, 2024 · I am trying to accomplish 2 things on the Zero 3W: 1. Until we read the news of Xiaomi TV Dongle announcement, it’s powered by the Amlogic S905Y series. 3D Print cases. ) Use the following paragraphs for a longer description, or to establish category Feb 12, 2023 · Radxa Zero: Specs, Price, Release & Reviews. 04 or higher Set up build environment May 3, 2024 · In the zero 3w board schematics (downloaded on this page https://radxa. Function1. I am new to the Zero 3W and am trying to learn how to control the gpio pins despite the “old info” still on the web More info Buy. But I haven’t yet discovered how to do this within python3. Radxa Recommended Radxa Power PD30W. 0 port can only provide up to 500mA. Edit the settings. jack December 7, 2023, 1:33pm #1. santafe: Radxa Zero 3E/W devicetree planned to be merged in Linux kernel version 6. Dec 15, 2023 · disablewong 7 January 2024 06:16 6. Install Android 9 to eMMC (deprecated) ] Install Android to eMMC using aml-flash-tool (deprecated) Download the Radxa_Zero3_NPU_Ubuntu22. Powered by Amlogic A311D SoC, it can run Android and selected Linux distributions. Plug USB camera into Radxa Zero or a connected USB hub. I verified the cable works with another device. 5MHz: mmc_host mmc2: Bus speed (slot 0) = 148500000Hz bsp is a set of tools provided by Radxa to quickly build U-Boot Kernels. xz image (2. With preloaded xfce4 desktop environment, you will find it do well on playing music, browsing Internet, editing documents and so on. Extensive Open-Source OS Support. Dec 7, 2023 · April 21, 2024. Command prepended by $ means the command may be executed by an unprivileged user. Then click Read to read the current settings. inf file to install the driver. 1 storage is now available for $65 from Arace or Allnet China. 2 KB. Rockchip RK3566. Nov 21, 2021 · You signed in with another tab or window. Read on to find out what the Radxa Zero has to offer! Mar 13, 2024 · Enter the IP of the camera/NVR/Radxa Zero 3w. Radxa Zero USB A to C cable A PC/laptop running Ubuntu 18. Experience comprehensive support for a diverse range of open-source operating systems on our SBCs. 4 schematic pdf - Download Schematic of Radxa Zero v1. Flash UEFI: Flash the UEFI to eMMC/SD by flash tool,then load it into the board. Prerequisite: You will need a Linux (preferably Ubuntu 20. You can learn more about the board, and download OS Jan 27, 2024 · I have noticed a tendency for the Radxa Zero 3W to run hot even under moderate load. com/products/zeros/zero3w/#downloads) I see that there is HW_ID and BOM_ID blocks that rock@zero:~$ sudo apt update rock@zero:~$ sudo apt install libmraa Optionally, install compiler if you want to run some tests: rock@zero:~$ sudo apt install build-essential Enable interface. After we checked the spec of Flashing. Hardware Design Feb 26, 2024 · Zero Series. Further Details. GPIO number. Username: radxa; no password: radxa Jan 18, 2011 · After the system has started, log in using the radxa account with the password radxa. Function4. 0 on Unknown platform”. I can now do it from the terminal using “gpioset --mode=time -s 1 3 5=0” (for setting board Pin40 to low or 5=1 for high). Zero front view Zero front with an angle view Zero back view Specifications Download the Android driver from Google: Click here to download the Google USB Driver ZIP file (ZIP) Unzip it and right click the . Armbian already has support for some Amlogic devices (g12b) and Build U-Boot and flash it on Radxa Zero. After the reboot is complete, you can check if the installation was Nov 30, 2023 · Once the U-Boot SPL is loaded by SoC, it will search U-Boot proper in its own precomplied order, which can be different from the SoC order and prefer microSD first. Copy image to Radxa Zero 3W via SSH. by Sachin Dixit. sudo mraa-gpio version returns “Version v2. devices Oct 2, 2023 · On a $19 SBC its of non consequnce to me. 3 v1. The official Radxa Power PD 30W is recommended. txt. I’ve tried the official XFCE b6 image from github. ustix October 31, 2023, 12:38pm #18. It seems that with mainline kernel (6. 0: IRQ wakeup not found [ 11. GPIO Header. 1 Compile hostapd wget http://dl. To enable the NPU, you need to install the proper overlay. radxa recommends using the Radxa Power PD30W. Radxa Zero is an ultra thin SBC in small form factor with powerful performance based on Amlogic S905Y2. Download it from Radxa DL. Click a blank cell to select the Loader and Image file to be used (see the File Download at the below): Select the target media in the Storage option: tip. To use adb, you need to install adb tool on the PC/Laptop. Login System The default UserName: radxa Password: radxa. In this guide we will show you some basic usage with USB camera. Platform expansion: Initial support for new platforms, including Radxa CM3, Radxa Zero 3W, OpenHD X20 and more. Dec 2, 2021 · If you have a Radxa Zero with eMMC (any model with 2GB or 4GB of RAM), you’ll need to erase the eMMC before you can boot it from a microSD card and use Armbian. In general though it is not recommended to mix and match U-Boot SPL and U-Boot proper. 10) bus speed is 148. 0: IRQ fiq not found [ 11. Or even better, a USB speaker, which has integrated USB sound card inside. Go to the directory you put the img file and enter the following command: Apr 19, 2024 · Hi everyone, I’m building an IoT device that requires camera & microphone using the Radxa Zero 3W. Prepare works. 0 with HDMI @ 1080p. (Install OS on Multiple devices at the same time) The Radxa Zero has a quad core 1. USB port on PC or laptop. There was a problem with the new board out of the box. 3 SMD pdf - Download components Position Reference of Radxa Zero v1. Pin 3, Pin 5, Pin 27, and Pin 28 add extra pull-up resistors for I2C device power supply, so they work abnormally when used as GPIOs. Configure network. . 0, and 40-pin GPIO header First extract the used files and specify the extracted files in the RKDevTool. See this picture. The Radxa ZERO 3 is powered by a USB 2. Radxa ZERO 3W/3E 是一款基于 Rockchip RK3566 开发的一款超小尺寸高性能单板计算机，外形紧凑，接口丰富。. 2. png 768×1027 51 KB. sudo apt-get update. 04) machine with at least 16GB of RAM, at least 100GB of disk space (SSD), and at least 4 CPU threads. Radxa Zero or Radxa Zero 2 Zero - Introduction of the Radxa Zero hardware v1. This seems to be true for the CPU itself, but also the black chip next to it (RAM?). Read on to find out what the Radxa Zero has to offer! Advertisement. 6″ x 1. If the camera is supported you can see a new device shown up in /dev folder: root@zero Sep 24, 2021 · I’ve used a couple cases while tinkering with the Zero. 3 schematic pdf - Download Schematic of Radxa Zero v1. 6GHz, considerably faster than the Pi Zero 2 W's Arm Cortex-A53 CPU at 1GHz. You signed out in another tab or window. Ethernet pins in Radxa Zero 3W. The Radxa Zero is designed to be a Single Board Computer with low power consumption. Wifi 5 is backwards compatible. plus WiFi 6 and Bluetooth 5. 4 2D dxf for top and bottom Mar 27, 2023 · Steps：. 07 https: Install OS on eMMC OnBoard. Enter the Developing mode by tapping the version number 7 times (Settings -> About Tablet -> Version Number). SelfhostedPro April 22, 2024, 5:15am #9. It seems like the wifi chipset doesn’t supporting the access point and the client mode at the same time. Hardware Required. deb. This interface can be used to connect peripherals such as keyboard, mouse, USB flash drive and so on. Amlogic provides Android 9 for the Y2 and it’s running very well on the Radxa Zero 2GB and 4GB version. Mar 2, 2024 · I’m struggling here. 0, and 40-pin GPIO header. Reference Documentation Install OS image to eMMC from USB OTG port Radxa Zero > Hardware > Audio. This guide describes how to erase Radxa Zero series eMMC for installing a new system. In this particular example, the next boot will not mount eMMC automatically, but the automount will. 9 KB. 04 HOST PC. Quad-core Arm Cortex A55 Feb 16, 2022 · RPI Zero 2W Board Layout: GPIO Pinout, Specs, Schematic in detail. $ cpufreq-info cpufrequtils 008: cpufreq-info (C) Dominik Brodowski 2004-2009 Bitte Feb 16, 2024 · From a fresh install and after doing the following as per the instructions MRAA installs but has no access to the GPIO pins. py command a second time to fully If you do power the Zero from host PC's USB port, make sure it is a USB 3. Radxa ZERO 2 Pro is an SBC developed by Radxa based on Amlogic A311D with a form fator of 65 mm × 36 mm. Dieser dürfte sich für unterschiedliche Projekte eignen - insbesondere dann, wenn es auf einen geringen Platzbedarf ankommt. With one USB A to C cable you can power and access the board, very handy. According to cpufreq-info, the kernel already uses the “ondemand” governor. What images are provided? Currently 4 flavors are provided: Debian Xfce: This flavor is officially supported, tested, and recommended for all users. We’ve been wanted to make the Zero form factor since long time ago but there is no good SoC choice. Boot Troubleshooting. Kvn November 21, 2021, 5:58am #5. Also got the Debian image installed to emmc. Here is an answer from radxa team. However, despite it had a different kernel version, the wifi missing in cold boot still exist for my board. Preparation. " GitHub is where people build software. . Radxa Zero 3W is a Single Board Computer (SBC) in an ultra‐tiny form factor that ofers class‐ leading performance while leveraging outstanding mechanical compatibility. The Zero 3W's Arm Cortex-A55 CPU can run up to 1. Booting from micro SD or eMMC module are supported. Check instructions for Windows and Linux . Due to space constraint, Radxa Zero does not have a 3. radxa. 4 SMD pdf - Download components Position Reference of Radxa Zero v1. sudo dpkg -i linux-headers-5. bsp environment configuration The following is the recommended environment for bsp. ul dj jd kx uj gs hb ei kp ls